巨灾风险大数据处理应急分类、分解、分拣算法与应用

本文主要研究巨灾风险大数据处理的应急分类、分解、分拣算法,给出了相应的算法原理和可操作的步骤.首先根据巨灾风险大数据灾害规模巨大的特征,提出了一种用来解决巨灾风险大数据中一级事件的应急分类与二级事件及以下更低级事件的应急分解算法,并以特大地震灾害作为实例进行了算法应用.接着定义了事故灾难度,用来对巨灾风险大数据处理过程中,对各种级别的事故灾难后果进行不同的数字标识.然后提出一种用来解决巨灾风险中大数据快速处理的应急分拣算法,并在汶川地震中大规模灾害的应急救援计划中进行应用.经过采用这样的应急分拣原理,就可以在面对巨灾风险大数据的复杂、繁多和零乱的重灾事件状态下,使整个应急救援方案优化,并能够有条不紊地进行救援.     

基于贝叶斯理论与Vine Copula的化工过程异常事件数的预测

针对化工过程风险,提出了一种化工过程异常事件数的预测方法。化工生产过程中由于受到干扰,时常发生异常事件。异常事件如果得不到有效控制将引发生产事故,其发生次数越高表明发生生产事故的概率越大,因此,准确预测化工过程异常事件数有助于提高化工过程的风险管理水平。基于操作班组,采用贝叶斯理论与Vine Copula建立了动态预测模型,实现对化工过程一个轮班内异常事件数的预测。     

河南省国有资本授权经营体制改革研究——组建两类公司的实践探索与问题研究

十八届三中全会之后,国家提出"以管资本为主加强国有资产监管,改革国有资本授权经营体制",河南省在此政策导向下对国有资本授权经营体制也进行了初步研究和路径探索。其中有部分观点提出分行业设立两类公司的初步构想,这一构想目前还未形成任何政策性文件,只限于讨论商榷层面。本文针对这一思路,提出不同观点,认为分行业设立两类公司不利于发挥国有资本的集中优势和开放式经营,以及合理组合规避风险。同时,提出了在市场化改革方向中,拟构建的国有资本授权经营体制下,国资监管部门、两类公司与国有企业该如何重新定位的思考。     

系统重要性股权质押上市公司的识别——股权质押违约的系统性风险贡献度视角

股权质押风险一旦爆发呈联动效应，影响范围将迅速波及多个市场，极有可能衍生出系统性风险，对整个金融市场和实体经济带来极大危害。本文围绕股权质押违约风险在股票市场和基金市场传染的核心问题，借鉴网络科学研究工具，从关联市场视角下探索股权质押风险跨市场传染的路径和规律。首先描述了股权质押二部图网络的构建方法，利用关联网络的阈值传染模型描述证券市场和基金市场之间股权质押违约风险传染动力学；进一步收集整理2017年底沪深两市A股市场未解压股权质押数据和基金产品持股数据构建了真实的网络；最后，采用蒙特卡洛模拟技术仿真股权质押风险的传染过程，验证清盘抛售概率、平仓价等参数对风险传染范围的影响，计算每一家股权质押上市公司作为风险传染源的系统性风险贡献度，辨识出系统重要性股权质押公司。     

面向突发事件的电网韧性能力评价及构建方法

近年来,我国对电力系统面对突发事件时的性能表现提出了更为严格的要求,利用韧性的概念构建电网系统能够实现应急全周期内避免损失.文章利用应急管理理论分阶段刻画韧性的特征,在描述突发事件下电网韧性能力的同时提出了一种定量评价电网韧性的方法,它侧重于电网在突发事件发生后随着时间的推移维持稳定、抵抗中断、恢复性能的调整能力:利用给出的韧性评价指数结合电网特有的包括运行模式、组件物理强度和网络拓扑结构在内的电网特征,针对性地描述了能够增强电网韧性的措施.最后举例选取N-1准则措施利用PSCAD软件进行仿真模拟,利用韧性评价指数说明N-1措施能够增强电网韧性的同时,验证了韧性评价指数的合理性.电网实例引用IEEE14节点模型.     

Forecasting of dependence,market, and investment risks of a global index portfolio

This paper undertakes an in-sample and rolling-window comparative analysis of dependence, market, and portfolio investment risks on a 10-year global index portfolio of developed, emerging, and commodity markets. We draw our empirical results by fitting vine copulas (e.g., r-vines, c-vines, d-vines), IGARCH(1,1) RiskMetrics value-at-risk (VaR), and portfolio optimization methods based on risk measures such as the variance, conditional value-at-risk, conditional drawdown-at-risk, minimizing regret (Minimax), and mean absolute deviation. The empirical results indicate that all international indices tend to correlate strongly in the negative tail of the return distribution; however, emerging markets, relative to developed and commodity markets, exhibit greater dependence, market, and portfolio investment risks. The portfolio optimization shows a clear preference towards the gold commodity for investment, while Japan and Canada are found to have the highest and lowest market risk, respectively. The vine copula analysis identifies symmetry in the dependence dynamics of the global index portfolio modeled. Large VaR diversification benefits are produced at the 95% and 99% confidence levels by the modeled international index portfolio. The empirical results may appeal to international portfolio investors and risk managers for advanced portfolio management, hedging, and risk forecasting.     

Short-run wavelet-based covariance regimes for applied portfolio management

Decisions on ass et allocations are often determined by covariance estimates from historical market data. In this paper, we introduce a wavelet-based portfolio algorithm, distinguishing between newly embedded news and long-run information that has already been fully absorbed by the market. Exploiting the wavelet decomposition into short- and long-run covariance regimes, we introduce an approach to focus on particular covariance components. Using generated data, we demonstrate that short-run covariance regimes comprise the relevant information for periodical portfolio management. In an empirical application to US stocks and other international markets for weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly holding periods (and rebalancing), we present evidence that the application of wavelet-based covariance estimates from short-run information outperforms portfolio allocations that are based on covariance estimates from historical data.     

Incorporating textual and management factors into financial distress prediction: A comparative study of machine learning methods

Financial distress prediction (FDP) has been widely considered as a promising approach to reducing financial losses. While financial information comprises the traditional factors involved in FDP, nonfinancial factors have also been examined in recent studies. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrated factors and multiple models that can improve the predictive performance of FDP models. This study proposes an FDP framework to reveal the financial distress features of listed Chinese companies, incorporating financial, management, and textual factors, and evaluating the prediction performance of multiple models in different time spans. To develop this framework, this study employs the wrapper-based feature selection method to extract valuable features, and then constructs multiple single classifiers, ensemble classifiers, and deep learning models in order to predict financial distress. The experiment results indicate that management and textual factors can supplement traditional financial factors in FDP, especially textual ones. This study also discovers that integrated factors collected 4 years prior to the predicted benchmark year enable a more accurate prediction, and the ensemble classifiers and deep learning models developed can achieve satisfactory FDP performance. This study makes a novel contribution as it expands the predictive factors of financial distress and provides new findings that can have important implications for providing early warning signals of financial risk.     

基于自动站监测数据的广西廉州湾藻类生态灾害特征分析

广西廉州湾地处河口地区，藻类暴发性增殖的现象时有发生。为探究广西廉州湾藻类增殖的规律，本研究根据藻类暴发性增殖现象时存在溶解氧、pH值、叶绿素同步升高或降低的特征，对2015-2020年廉州湾海域运行的自动监测站和赤潮现场监测的数据进行统计分析。结果显示，廉州湾藻类暴发性增殖的现象主要发生在南流江、西门江至大风江入海口的近岸海域，暴发的频次呈现逐年下降的趋势。从不同季节来看，冬季和夏季发生的频次较高，但藻类增殖现象的持续时间基本未超过7 d。藻类增殖现象发生的频次呈逐年下降的趋势，这可能与南流江上游环境整治有关，反映出入海河流水质改变对近岸海域的直接影响。因此，持续保持陆地污染源科学有效的管理对廉州湾的生态环境保护有重大意义。     

物联网和智慧城市数据处理与管理概念体系构建——以ITU-T数据处理与管理焦点组标准化项目为例

概念体系构建和术语工作是制定任何标准的基础,在多学科和多领域的场景中,构建概念体系和术语工作面临不同利益相关方需求不同而难以达成共识的巨大挑战。文章梳理了ITU-T FG-DPM在促进不同利益相关方和项目组成员之间达成通用概念共识构建统一术语及定义的经验,通过规范概念体系的构建过程,采用术语多维度协同视角来构建统一的数据处理与管理概念体系,促进了工作组和项目组内外在物联网与智慧城市领域数据处理与管理方面达成共识。文章对多学科多领域场景的概念体系构建和术语工作具有一定参考意义,并不局限于物联网和智慧城市领域。